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Verbal substantives
The verbal nouns (also called verbals or verbids) are deverbal nouns that behave syntactically (i.e. in phrases) like verbs. A verbal noun in our usage of the term can be either a verbal substantive or a verbal adjective. (Note, however, that the term “verbal noun” in modern usage usually means a verbal substantive.)
Verb stems | ||||||
Stem | Perfective | Imperfective | Agent noun | Patient noun | Verbal substantive | |
Ⅰ (G-stem) | a–u | فَعَلَ faʕala |
يَفْعُلُ yafʕulu |
فاعِلٌ fȃʕiluṋ |
مَفْعُوْلٌ mafʕȗluṋ |
فَعْلٌ faʕluṋ |
a–i | يَفْعِلُ yafʕilu |
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a–a | يَفْعَلُ yafʕalu |
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i–a | فَعِلَ faʕila |
يَفْعَلُ yafʕalu |
فَعِلٌ fȃʕiluṋ |
— | فَعَلٌ faʕaluṋ |
|
u–u | فَعُلَ faʕula |
يَفْعُلُ yafʕulu |
فَعِيْلٌ fȃʕiluṋ |
فَعالةٌ faʕȃla·tuṋ |
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Ⅱ (D-stem) | فَعَّلَ faʕʕala |
يُفَعِّلُ yufaʕʕilu |
تَفْعِيْلٌ tafʕȋluṋ |
مُفَعِّلٌ mufaʕʕiluṋ |
مُفَعَّلٌ mufaʕʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅲ (L-stem) | فاعَلَ fȃʕala |
يُفاعِلُ yufȃʕilu |
مُفاعَلةٌ mufȃʕala·tuṋ |
مُفاعِلٌ mufȃʕiluṋ |
مُفاعَلٌ mufȃʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅳ (ʔ-stem) | أَفْعَلَ ʔafʕala |
يُفْعِلُ yufʕilu |
إفْعالٌ ʔifʕȃluṋ |
مُفْعِلٌ mufʕiluṋ |
مُفْعَلٌ mufʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅳ (ʔ-stem) | أَفْعَلَ ʔafʕala |
يُفْعِلُ yufʕilu |
إفْعالٌ ʔifʕȃluṋ |
مُفْعِلٌ mufʕiluṋ |
مُفْعَلٌ mufʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅴ (tD-stem) | تَفَعَّلَ tafaʕʕala |
يَتَفَعَّلُ yatafaʕʕalu |
تَفَعُّلٌ tafaʕʕuluṋ |
مُتَفَعِّلٌ mutafaʕʕiluṋ |
مُتَفَعَّلٌ mutafaʕʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅵ (tL-stem) | تَفاعَلَ tafȃʕala |
يَتَفاعَلُ yatafȃʕalu |
تَفاعُلٌ tafȃʕuluṋ |
مُتَفاعِلٌ mutafȃʕiluṋ |
مُتَفاعَلٌ mutafȃʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅶ (n-stem) | اِنْفَعَلَ ʔ⋅infaʕala |
يَنْفَعِلُ yanfaʕilu |
اِنْفِعالٌ ʔ⋅infiʕȃluṋ |
مُنْفَعِلٌ munfaʕiluṋ |
مُنْفَعَلٌ munfaʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅷ (Gt-stem) | اِفْتَعَلَ ʔ⋅iftaʕala |
يَفْتَعِلُ yaftaʕilu |
اِفْتِعالٌ ʔ⋅iftiʕȃluṋ |
مُفْتَعِلٌ muftaʕiluṋ |
مُفْتَعَلٌ muftaʕaluṋ |
|
Ⅸ (R-stem) | اِفْعَلَّ ʔ⋅ifʕalla |
يَفْعَلُّ yafʕallu |
اِفْعِلالٌ ʔ⋅ifʕilȃluṋ |
مُفْعَلٌّ mufʕalluṋ |
مُفْعَلٌّ mufʕalluṋ |
|
Ⅹ (st-stem) | اِسْتَفْعَلَ ʔ⋅istafʕala |
يَسْتَفْعِلُ yastafʕilu |
اِسْتِفْعالٌ ʔ⋅istifʕȃluṋ |
مُسْتَفْعِلٌ mustafʕiluṋ |
مُسْتَفْعَلٌ mustafʕaluṋ |
|
QⅠ (Q-stem) | فَعْلَلَ faʕlala |
يُفَعْلِلُ yufaʕlilu |
فَعْلَلةٌ faʕlala·tuṋ |
مُفَعْلِلٌ mufaʕliluṋ |
مُفَعْلَلٌ mufaʕlaluṋ |
|
QⅡ (tQ-stem) | تَفَعْلَلَ tafaʕlala |
يَتَفَعْلَلُ yatafaʕlalu |
تَفَعْلُلٌ tafaʕluluṋ |
مُتَفَعْلِلٌ mutafaʕliluṋ |
مُتَفَعْلَلٌ mutafaʕlaluṋ |
|
QⅣ (QR-stem) | اِفْعَلَلَّ ʔ⋅ifʕalalla |
يَفْعَلِلُّ yafʕalillu |
اِفْعِلَّاْلٌ ʔ⋅ifʕillȃluṋ |
مُفْعَلِلٌّ mufʕalilluṋ |
مُفْعَلَلٌّ mufʕalalluṋ |
Most verb stems have only one or two common maṣdar stems, but Stem Ⅰ is special in that it has 10 common maṣdar stems.
One frequently these will be Stem Ⅰ of them will actually can look those up in a dictionary.
Sometimes they will look like verbal nouns of other stems. For example, 71:17