Click to view table of contents
Reduplicated stem (Ⅸ)
Stem Ⅸ ʔ⋅ifʕalla, yafʕallu اِفْعَلَّ، يَفْعَلُّ (the R-stem, R for “reduplication”) has an irregular shape in the citation form. In this irregular shape the theme vowel is hidden. The original shape of the stem is ʔ⋅ifʕalal–, yafʕalil– اِفْعَلَل، يَفْعَلِل .
A rarer variant is Stem Ⅺ ʔ⋅ifʕȃlla, yafʕȃllu اِفْعالَّ، يَفْعالُّ (the RL-stem), which also has an irregular shape in the citation form that hides the theme vowel.
Stems Ⅸ & Ⅺ are middle-voice stems, but in the common varieties of Arabic these stems came to be used almost exclusively for deriving verbs from adjectives of the type ʔafʕalu, faʕlȃʔu أَفْعَلُ، فَعْلاءُ , which denote colors and human physical or mental defects.
| Adjective | Stem Ⅸ/Ⅺ | ||
| ʔaħmaru | أَحْمَرُ | ʔ·iħmarra/ʔ·iħmȃrra | اِحْمَرَّ/اِحْمارَّ |
| red | he became red (intr.) | ||
| ʔabyaḍu | أَبْيَضُ | ʔ·ibyaḍḍa/ʔ·ibyȃḍḍa | اِبْيَضَّ/اِبْياضَّ |
| white | he became white (intr.) | ||
| ʔaʕwaru | أَعْوَرُ | ʔ·iʕwarra/ʔ·iʕwȃrra | اِعْوَرَّ/اِعْوارَّ |
| one-eyed | he became one-eyed (intr.) | ||
الراصد العربي 